1885, Gottlieb Daimler

In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler invented a gas engine that allowed for a revolution in car design. On March 8, 1886, Daimler took a stagecoach and adapted it to hold his engine, thereby designing the world's first four-wheeled automobile.

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INTRODUCTION:

Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy used. It may be achieved through efficient energy use, in which case energy use is decreased while achieving a similar outcome, or by reduced consumption of energy services. Energy conservation may result in increase of financial capital, environmental value, national security, personal security, and human comfort. Individuals and organizations that are direct consumers of energy may want to conserve energy in order to reduce energy costs and promote economic security. Industrial and commercial users may want to increase efficiency and thus maximize profit.

ISSUES WITH ENERGY CONSERVATION:

Critics and advocates of some forms of energy conservation make the following arguments:
Standard economic theory suggests that technological improvements that increase energy efficiency will tend to increase, rather than reduce energy use. This is called the Jevons Paradox and it is said to occur in two ways. Firstly, increased energy efficiency makes the use of energy relatively cheaper, thus encouraging increased use. Secondly, increased energy efficiency leads to increased economic growth, which pulls up energy use in the whole economy. This does not imply that increased fuel efficiency is worthless. Increased fuel efficiency enables greater production and a higher quality of life.

Some retailers argue that bright lighting stimulates purchasing. Health studies have demonstrated that headache, stress, blood pressure, fatigue and worker error all generally increase with the common over-illumination present in many workplace and retail settings (Davis, 2001), (Bain, 1997). It has been shown that natural daylighting increases productivity levels of workers, while reducing energy consumption.

The use of telecommuting by major corporations is a significant opportunity to conserve energy, as many Americans now work in service jobs that enable them to work from home instead of commuting to work each day.

Electric motors consume more than 60% of all electrical energy generated and are responsible for the loss of 10 to 20% of all electricity converted into mechanical energy.

Consumers are often poorly informed of the savings of energy efficient products. The research one must put into conserving energy often is too time consuming and costly when there are cheaper products and technology available using today's fossil fuels.

Technology needs to be able to change behavioural patterns, it can do this by allowing energy users, business and residential, to see graphically the impact their energy use can have in their workplace or homes. Advance real-time energy metering is able to help "people" save energy by their actions. Rather than become wasteful automatic energy saving technologies, real-time energy monitors and meters such as the Energy Detective, Enigin Plc's Eniscope or solutions like EDSA'a Paladin Live are examples of such solutions .

SOURCES OF ENERGY CONSERVATION:

Solar Energy :

Solar power uses the sun's energy and light to provide heat, light, and electricity for homes. It is the primary source of all energy forms on the earth. It is one such energy which helps in maintaining the ecological balance through the process of photosynthesis and green house effect. We have been using sun to dry clothes and boil food for generations. But now number of techno powers which have been developed to make full use of solar energy such as : -

Photovoltaic systems : By these systems the electricity could be produced directly from the sunlight.

Solar Process Space heating and cooling : It is the commercial and industrial use of sun's heat.

Solar Hot Water : The process to heat water with the solar energy.

Solar Power plants : Producing electricity bu using the sun's heat.

Passive Solar heating and daylighting : Use solar energy to heat buildings.

Wind energy : Wind energy is often used to generate the mechanical power or the electricity. In the country like India, wind energy holds the great importance because of large hilly, coastal and desert areas. In the rural areas it is used to pump water and grind grain. The benefit of wind energy is that it is fully pollution free and is eco friendly too. It costs low and the generation of power is continuous. It is the most effective way to conserve the energy and prevent the environment.

Geothermal Energy : Geothermal energy is used in the form of thermal energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy and light energy. It uses heat energy from beneath the surface of the earth. It was first used to produce electricity in the Itlay in 1903. Geothermal energy has the major environment benefit as it prevents air pollution. It is particularly important in the inland nations such as Indian Oceans and the pacific regions. Energy generation from geothermal sources is only possible in few places under unique geographic conditions.

Wave energy : Ocean waves contain large amount of energy, which can be extracted through Ocean winds, Ocean currents, Ocean Geothermal etc. if the barrage is built across the river, electricity can be obtained by by the flow of water through turbines as the tide rise and falls.

Hydroelectric energy : Another renewable source of energy is the hydroelectric energy, which is produced from fast flowing water. The process is pollution free. The movement of water spins the turbines which in turn generate electricity.

Biomass energy :Biomass is the plant and animal waste which is used as the energy. Biomass energy like manure from livestock, plant waste etc can be used to generate electricity, fuel, light, and heat. We get biomass energy directly from plants and indirectly from the animal waste.

7 EASY ENERGY SAVING TIPS:

Lighting tips:

*It has been estimated that one in three lights are left on when no-one is using them. Switch off your lights when you're not using them - don't forget outside lights!
*If you aren't already using them, switch to low energy saving light bulbs throughout your home that uses one fifth the energy of normal light bulbs.

Electrical Appliance tips:

*Switch off computers, stereos, T's, DVDs and set top boxes when they're not in use.

*Don't leave them on standby. By switching them off at the plug, you can save around £40 a year.

*Contrary to general belief, your TV set top box does not need to be left on standby each night.

*Wash your clothes at 30°C - you'll be saving around 40% of the electricity used. Tumble dryers are hugely inefficient too. Hang your washing up to dry when possible.

Heating tips:

*Make sure your central heating is set to turn itself off when the house is empty and that you're not heating up rooms you don't use.

*Turn down your thermostat by 1°C - you'll make savings on your heating bills by around 10%.

*Adjust the temperature of your hot water - there is no point having water so hot you'll scald yourself, so turn it down to around 60°C